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Description
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The purpose of this domain is to capture deprivation as a result of a household's inability to access a range of services considered necessary for day-to-day living, both physically and online. This covers both material deprivation (e.g. not being able to get food) and social aspects of deprivation (e.g. not being able to attend afterschool activities). Poor access to services is a factor that compounds other types of deprivation that exist within an area. The access to services domain has a weighting of 10% in WIMD 2019.
The access to services domain measures physical access through travel times to 8 services using public transport and 9 services using private transport. Public transport includes travel by: public bus, public train, foot and national coach. Private transport is considered to be transport by private car. An access to digital services indicator has also been added in WIMD 2019, measuring access to superfast broadband. The travel time indicators are a weighted average of the private and public transport times to each service (with the exception of petrol stations). The weights are calculated for each LSOA using data from the 2011 Census on car ownership and the number of adults aged 17 and over.
The digital access indicator is calculated as the proportion of homes and small businesses unable to receive fixed line broadband at a download sync speed of 30Mb/s or higher (superfast broadband). This includes properties with no broadband coverage.
For every indicator, each LSOA was ranked in order, with the most deprived LSOA ranked 1 and the lowest deprived LSOA ranked 1,909. The physical and digital aspects are treated as two sub-domains, with the 9 travel time indicators weighted together using factor analysis. Data for the two sub-domains was exponentially transformed before being combined, with the digital services sub-domain given a weight of 10%. As with all domains, the final domain ranks were then exponentially transformed, to form domain scores for use in the calculation of the overall WIMD 2019. |
